![]() (18,19,21) The existence of this mechanism is well documented by plastic found in nestlings of several procellariiform seabirds that can only originate from parental feeding. (18−20) A widely proposed explanatory hypothesis is that plastic is subjected to parental transfer, i.e., there is an offload of plastic from adults to their offspring along with regurgitated food from the proventriculus. (15,17) This phenomenon is also known from other seabird species with similar anatomical attributes. Long-term monitoring of plastic pollution using large sample sizes of mainly beached fulmars from the North Sea showed that adult fulmars had consistently less plastic in their stomachs compared to younger individuals. ![]() Negative correlations between plastic mass and body fat in fledglings and older fulmars were not significant. Adverse effects of plastic on fulmars were indicated by one fragment that perforated the stomach and possibly one thread perforating the intestine. These findings supported that fulmar chicks from Svalbard get fed high quantities of plastic by their parents. While plastic was found in all fledglings, two older fulmars contained no and several older individuals barely any plastic. ![]() We found that fledglings (50–60 days old) had significantly more plastic than older fulmars. Therefore, we investigated plastic ingestion in 39 fulmars from Kongsfjorden (Svalbard), including 21 fledglings and 18 older fulmars (adults/older immatures). However, no prior study has examined this mechanism in fulmars by comparing plastic burdens in fledglings and older fulmars shortly after the chick-rearing period. Those findings were hypothesized to partly result from parental transfer of plastic to chicks. Monitoring data revealed consistently lower plastic burdens in adult fulmars compared to younger age classes. In the North Sea region, there is a long tradition to use beached fulmars as biomonitors for marine plastic pollution. One-time license fee for play on account’s designated primary PS4™ system and other PS4™ systems when signed in with that account.Procellariiform seabirds like northern fulmars ( Fulmarus glacialis) are prone to ingest and accumulate floating plastic pieces. Online features require an account and are subject to terms of service and applicable privacy policy (/terms-of-service & /privacy-policy). Software subject to license (us./softwarelicense). It's up to you to keep track of everything. 20 years of weather data recreate a realistic environment for the schools of fish in the Barents Sea, which move according to season and water temperature. Upgrade it to make sure you get the biggest catch! But be sure to stay under your yearly fishing quotas, every step and every fishing run needs to be planned. Use officially licensed Scanmar equipment like door sensors and the TrawlEye to have complete control over your trawl. Whether it's line, crab, or net fishing: Every method is easy to learn, but hard to master – time to show what you are made of! Learn how to catch different kinds of fish with various fishing equipment on 14 different ships.
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